About us

The Environmental Defenders (ED) is an ecofeminist and collaborative environmental justice organization that works to protect biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples’ rights. We work in the Albertine Rift region (Murchison-Semliki, Greater Virunga, and Ituri landscapes), which borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.

We are committed to fostering resiliency for environmental and human security, assisting marginalized Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities in the Albertine rift region to live sustainably and safeguard their cultural practices, water sources, lands, and surrounding environment.

The problem

Indigenous people are not only the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, but they are also the guardians of vital ecosystems and biodiversity in forests that are necessary to lower carbon emissions and boost climate resilience. They make significant contributions to adaptation and mitigation efforts, such as when it comes to using nature-based solutions. But in Africa, the failure to acknowledge the fundamental rights of indigenous peoples and the absence of substantive interaction with the state continue to be problems.

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of the planet’s remaining biodiversity is protected by indigenous people.

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of global carbon is stored above ground in the world’s tropical forests managed by indigenous peoples and local communities

Indigenous people's rights for free, prior & informed consent should be respected and opportunities explored to ensure positive co-benefits for them.
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Even though there have been some gains, particularly on the normative level, including, crucially, the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants in 2018, the situation for indigenous peoples is still difficult in a number of African countries.

Several critical trends persist and worsen in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Indigenous peoples’ rights to their land, territories, and natural resources are violated, along with their freedoms of speech, assembly, and self-organization, access to justice, and other rights.

Indigenous human rights activists and environmental leaders are increasingly harassed, threatened, and even killed.

Indigenous peoples who live on lands with abundant fossil fuels, minerals, and forests, as well as a high level of biological diversity, are frequently targeted by commercial and political interests in the lands they manage and the resources they contain. Indigenous human rights defenders, especially those defending land rights and the environment, face discrimination, persecution, and harassment on a regular basis. Certain indigenous peoples, particularly indigenous women and girls, youth, the elderly, and people with disabilities, face double challenges.

Key challenges for indigenous peoples include:

Climate change

The important role of indigenous peoples in the protection and conservation of the environment is well established and should be advanced.

Climate change

The important role of indigenous peoples in the protection and conservation of the environment is well established and should be advanced.

Despite having contributed the least to climate change, indigenous peoples are among the first to suffer from its consequences. They are also increasingly negatively impacted by climate action and green investments in their lands and territories, including the establishment of conservation areas and national parks, renewable energy projects, and so on. Land and natural resource depletion contributes to the extinction of traditional livelihood practices, valuable indigenous knowledge, and food insecurity. It also carries the risk of impeding broader mitigation efforts, as indigenous peoples are not only the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, but also stewards of the majority of remaining biodiversity, making significant contributions to adaptation and mitigation efforts, such as through nature-based solutions.

However, despite having contributed the least to climate change, indigenous peoples are among the first to face its effects. They are also increasingly negatively impacted by climate action and green investments in their lands and territories, are increasingly negatively impacted by climate change mitigation initiatives on their customary lands such as the establishment of conservation areas and national parks, renewable energy projects, etc. The loss of land and natural resources contributes to the loss of traditional livelihood practice, valuable indigenous knowledge, and to food insecurity. It also entails risks of hampering mitigations efforts more broadly as indigenous peoples are not only the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change but also stewards of most of the remaining biodiversity, with important contributions to adaptation and mitigation efforts, e.g. in regards to nature-based solutions.

Land defense & human rights defenders

Land owned by indigenous peoples is increasingly being exploited, illegally acquired, and grabbed as a result of the rising demand for land and natural resources.

Land defense & human rights defenders

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The growing demand for land and natural resources make indigenous peoples’ land a target for increased exploitation, illicit acquisitions, and land-grabbing.

Indigenous peoples endure forced evictions, various human rights abuses, violations, and conflicts, as well as the threat of losing their last remaining lands and territories. Attacks on those who protect lands and forests that are being sought after for mining and extractive industries, logging, agri-businesses, conservation purposes, etc., are becoming more frequent.

Indigenous peoples are at the heart of human rights violations and conflicts. Competition for land and natural resources leads to human rights violations and the denial of basic human rights such as shelter and food. Land grabbing and invasions contribute to mass forced evictions of indigenous peoples from their traditional lands and territories, as well as other grave human rights violations, killings, and conflicts.

Gender inequality

Indigenous women face a variety of forms of discrimination as a result of their indigenous identity, gender, and poverty.

Gender inequality

Group photo of Women Environmental defenders after a wokrshop on physical security and defense of land rights in Buliisa district

Indigenous women experience multiple forms of discrimination due to their indigenous identity, their gender, and poverty.

The governance and power structures of indigenous peoples are frequently very sexist and may remove women and their viewpoint from decision-making, rendering women more susceptible to violations of their human rights. Indigenous women are particularly vulnerable because they frequently suffer the most when land is lost and they are no longer able to support themselves and their children. They also typically have very little influence and decision-making ability on land problems, which makes them more vulnerable. Indigenous women are frequently the victims of various types of violence, including structural violence, which makes them victims of daily life’s events. They deal with a variety of forms of violence, including trafficking, gender-based killings, domestic violence, violence in conflict situations, and sexual and domestic violence. Despite facing significant obstacles and discrimination, indigenous women and girls are powerful and engaged changemakers.

Among other problems, indigenous youth face prejudice, illiteracy, forced relocation, unemployment, incarceration and a lack of legal protection, trafficking and sexual exploitation, food instability, hunger, and STDs. Compared to other youth, Indigenous youth commit suicide and self-harm at considerably higher rates. 

Our approach

Environmental Defenders’ actions are motivated by the goal of protecting the environment through forest ecology conservation and the use of nature-based solutions as a climate change defense strategy. Encourage equitable governance, effective management, and positive conservation outcomes.

Our actions are intended to defend and protect the environment, the people who live in it, and the wildlife that depends on it. We also want to support marginalized indigenous communities in their efforts to sustainably live, protect their water sources, and preserve the environment in which they live.

We think that recognized environmental and human rights concepts embody everyone’s right to a safe, healthy, and ecologically sound environment and that environmental deterioration results in violations of human rights such the right to life, health, and culture.

Environmental Defenders implements its projects in a variety of ways, including the following:

Tree planting and reforestation, seed banking and collection, biodiversity monitoring, restoring damaged land, preserving and restoring habitat for wildlife and plants, environmental education, and awareness campaigns.

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Tree planting and reforestation, seed banking and collection, biodiversity monitoring, restoration of degraded land, habitat protection and restoration for wildlife and plants protection, environmental education, and awareness campaigns.

Empowering people to develop resilience in the face of adversity, assisting indigenous communities in advocating for and taking direct action against illegal land sales and forced evictions that frequently occur without their Free, Prior, and Informed Consent, and providing direct legal support, land surveying, and mapping. We form, register, support, and equip women’s groups. Increasing agricultural productivity and market access, forming and strengthening producer groups and cooperatives through training, learning exchange, multi-stakeholder dialogue platforms, business mentoring, and coaching in gender, life skills, financial and basic literacy, and numeracy skills.

The staff of environmental defenders removing seedlings from nursery ready for planting in the field
The staff of environmental defenders removing seedlings from nursery ready for planting in the field
Empowering people to develop their resilience to difficult situations, helping indigenous communities to advocate and take direct action against illegal land sales and forced evictions that often take place without their Free, Prior, and Informed Consent, providing direct legal support, land survey, and mapping. We form, register, support, and equip women groups. Increasing agricultural productivity and market access, forming and strengthening producer groups and cooperatives through training, learning exchange, multi-stakeholder dialogue platforms, business mentoring, and coaching in gender, life skills, financial and basic literacy, and numeracy skills.
capacity building workshop for Women Land and Environmental activists in Biiso Buliisa

We safeguard, protect, and defend environmental activists and defenders of land rights who are persecuted, injured, or in danger as a result of their work to save their environment, land rights, and tenure security. Among other things, we provide psychosocial assistance, courses on personal/organizational and digital security, relocation, legal, and medical emergency grants, as well as emergency support services.

capacity building workshop for Women Land and Environmental activists in Biiso Buliisa
We protect, defend and secure environmental defenders and land rights activists who are targeted, harmed, and endangered due to their efforts to defend their environment, land rights, and tenure security. We offer emergency support service (relocation, legal, and medical emergency grants), capacity building to improve conservationists and defenders’ security (personal/organisational and digital security workshops), psychosocial support among others.